Your Cart . About Us . Bridges & Towers . Levers & Gears . DaVinci Kits . Catapult Kits . Backyard Artillery . The Shot Blade
Ancient Engineering SeriesCatapults.info
Ballistic Technologies of Antiquity

Chinese Siege Warfare

Mechanical Artillery and Siege Weapons of Antiquity



Review:
"After carefully perusing Liang's Chinese Siege Warfare I find myself in complete agreement with the high praise accorded the work by Prof. Robin Yates and Duncan Head. The explanations are masterful and the traditional woodblock illustrations well produced. Even more valuable are Liang's explications of uncertain points and his remarkable models that allow the reader to grasp the nature of the mechanism in an instant. Clearly the product of many years of painstaking research and profound understanding, it not only makes a substantial contribution to the history of siege technology in general but also unfolds the essence and accomplishments of the Chinese tradition in detail."

- Ralph D. Sawyer, author of "Tao of Spycraft" (Perseus Books Group, 2004) and "Fire and Water: The Art of Incendiary and Aquatic Warfare in China" (Westview Press, 2004)

Packed with real history, color photos of ancient writings, drawings, models and sculptures, this exciting work is a new perspective on the art of ancient siege weapons and their use. 160 pages, 11.5 x 8.25 inch wide format.


Front Cover:


For millennia, Chinese armies dominated their rivals by having superior weaponry on their side. So successful was this dominance in arms that the early rapid growth and expansion of the Chinese sphere of influence and control, was halted only by physical geographical barriers such as the mountain ranges of the Tibetan Plateau, the deserts and grass steppes of the northwest and the Pacific Ocean to the east. Since the early years of Chinese civilization, warfare has been an integral part and parcel of life. Much of this was fought in the mountain passes, the fortified towns of the open plains, the river gorges, the open steppes, the vast deserts, the long convoluted coastline, and in the varied and rugged geography of the Chinese heartland. The rise and development of Chinese siege technology was but one facet of Chinese warfare, but one no less important in the continuous struggle for the Chinese to survive as a people and as a political entity. The drive to innovate and to gain the upper hand over rivals, both within the country as well as outside the country, pushed military Engineers to dazzling heights of inventive excellence. Reaching a peak in the late Song dynasty, decline began when the devastation of the Mongol invasion and the Ming and Qing dynasties' inability to compete in the new gunpowder arms race
with the new threat from the West proved the undoing for a proud Chinese tradition in siege warfare, much of which remains sadly unknown and unacknowledged to this day.

This book traces the development of Chinese siege technology from ca. 8th century B.C. to the end of the Qing dynasty and makes comparisons with siege weapons of several other world civilizations. Bringing together the development history of catapults from the Islamic world, the ancient Greco-Roman catapults, the mysterious catapults of India, the simple catapults of pre-Columbus America, the catapults of medieval Europe, and East Asian catapults, a fairly comprehensive picture emerges within this book, on the progression of catapult technology, showing how each civilization contributed and interacted in a fascinating global exchange of ideas.

Sample Pages (click for full-size view):

Table of Contents:



Back Cover:


Sample Page:


Sample Page:


Sample Page:


Sample Page:


Sample Page:


About the Author:



Add to Cart

<< Previous Item | Next Item >>

    Price: $29.99
    Our Price: $24.95

    Minimum age: 8
    Availability: In stock.

    Add to Cart
    Item code: 92904


Links

Definitions

Catapult

A catapult is any kind of device that shoots or launches a projectile by mechanical means. In England, a catapult is what we call a slingshot in the US. A catapult is also the part of an aircraft carrier that launches airplanes off the deck.

But for our purposes, a catapult is any of the ancient types of artillery, including Onagers, Scorpions, Trebuchets, Ballistae, Springalds, Coullards, Bricoles Perriers and more.

But most people tend to think of a catapult as the one-armed torsion machine used by the Romans. This is also known as the Onager or Mangonel.

Mangonel

The word Mangonel derives from the ancient Greek word "Manganon", literally meaning "engine of war". The Romans called it a Manganum. In pre-medieval French the word Manganum was changed to Manganeau, and the English changed that to Mangonel in the 1300s.

The history gets a little sketchy in the middle ages, but some historians believe that "mangonel" was shortened to the word "gonnel" about the same time that cannons were being developed, and later still, "gonnel" was shortened to "gun." And still today, in the military a "gun" is strictly a piece of big artillery.

Onager

Onager is originally the name for the wild Asian donkey. This donkey bucks like a bronco if anyone gets too close to it, and it is known to kick stones at people and predators too. So when the Romans needed a name for their one-armed torsion catapult, they called it the Onager!

The Onager (catapult) has a single arm that is powered by a large skein of twisted ropes. The ropes were usually made from hair or sinew for their elastic properties.

Trebuchet

The word "Trebuchet" is originally French, and meant something like "to fall over or rotate about the middle" as in a see-saw rotating on its axle. It also seems to have meant a big, heavy beam. Today a Trebuchet is any kind of catapult that is powered by a massive counterweight on one end of an arm, and a sling on the other end. This includes Perriers, or "traction" trebuchets which are powered by a mass of people pulling one end of the arm with ropes.

Ballista

This is a two-armed torsion device invented by the Greeks. It works similar to a crossbow, but instead of a flexible bow, it uses two stiff arms powered by twisted rope skeins like an Onager. The ballista predates the Onager by several centuries and was used to hurl stones (lithobolos style ballista) and also bolts or darts.

Obviously, this is where we get the word "ballistic".